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[View \| Download]	THIS IS UYGHUR Uyghur (also known as Uighur, Uygur, Uigur, Weiwuer) is a member of the Turkic branch of the Altaic language family.It is spoken by 7.2 million people in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in northwest China, also known as Chinese Turkestan, Eastern Turkistan, or Uyghuristan. Its capital is Ürümqi. It is also spoken by some 300,000 people in Kazakhstan. In addition, there are Uyghur-speaking communities in most countries of Central Asia, as well as in the United States and United Kingdom. The total population of Uyghur speakers around the world is estimated at 7.6 million people (Ethnologue). In ancient times, the Uyghurs lived in an area of present-day Mongolia, where they had established a state which existed until 840 AD when it was defeated by Kyrgyz invaders. After their defeat, some Uyghurs moved to Ordos in northern China. They are believed to be the ancestors of Yugur, or Yellow Uyghurs, whose language is different from Uyghur. A much larger group of Uyghurs moved to Turfan in northeastern China, where they established another state which endured until the 15th century. These people spoke what is now the Turfan and Qashgar dialects of Uyghur. Following the establishment of the Central Asian kingdom Chagatai Khanate, the term Uyghur gradually disappeared. The official language was Chagatai, an artificial literary language based on Uyghur and Uzbek. The term Uyghur re-appeared in 1921 when it was officially re-eastablished as the name of the Uyghur people. Standard Modern Uyghur differs from the Uyghur spoken before the establishment of the Chagatai Khanate. In the 19th century, large numbers of Uyghurs from different parts of Eastern Turkestan settled in areas along the Ili River. Their dialect arose from a mixture of the varieties spoken by the new settlers and the local Ili variety that played a dominant role in the formation of modern standard Uyghur. http://www.nvtc.gov/lotw/months/march/Uyghur.html Tags: ghulja, turk, turkish, uighur, uigur, urumqi, uyghur, uygur, uzbak 1 Downloads - Last from: (Your Blog here!)
[View \| Download]	Uyghur documentary 02 : Al-Jazeera on Islam in China Al-Jazeera on Islam in China Jazeera's treatment of the Tibet issue tends to be somewhat lopsided, but this latest report on Islam in China which features interviewees from both ends of the political spectrum does exhibit cognisance of the various sensitivities and the interplay of a variety of complex factors. The heterogeneity of Muslims in China makes them a highly fascinating group to study, if we can even consider them as a "group" to begin with. The longstanding suspicions among Uyghurs of the Hui's are underscored by activist Rebiya Kadeer's assertion that many of the spies employed by Chinese intelligence in Xinjiang are Hui Muslims — an ethnic group that accounts for about half of China's 22 million Muslims. The main distinction that sets the Hui's apart from the Han's is derived from their practice of Islam and in many cases, there is no genetic distinction between the Hui's and the Han's due to a decision by the Communist Party in the 1930s to define Hui's as an umbrella group for all Sinophone Muslims. It is interesting to note that Rebiya Kadeer was once co-opted as a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. Her rags-to-riches story and successes as a businesswoman earned her a high standing among the Uyghur community. Unfortunately, her barring from re-election in 1998 and subsequent imprisonment in 1999 (a missed opportunity by the Chinese government to address real concerns perhaps?) may have had the effect of radicalising her views. Since her exile to the United States, she has gained influential friends and meetings with heads of states and has also been named President of the World Uyghur Congress, but for all her actions is likely to exert only limited pressure on the Chinese government. Even as the Chinese government continues to guarantee more space for the expression of religion, the rise of political Islam will be a real concern. This is because Islam is a set of beliefs which not only govern how man is to behave before God, but also how states should be run. As more and more imams (religious leaders) are trained not just in local seminaries but also in such revered institutions of fundamentalist thought such as the Al-Azhar University in Egypt, the face of Islam in China will change (note the totally veiled women in the video). As record numbers of Chinese Muslims go on Haj year-on-year, their spiritual aspirations and views of their relation to the state will also evolve. Not all of this will be bad though. As we have previously noted, there is much that Muslim communities elsewhere can glean from the Chinese Muslim experience, in particular the establishment of nu si ("女寺") or female mosques (seen in this video) and the ordination of large numbers of female imams that are unheard of elsewhere. While female imams and mosques are more peculiar to Hui rather than Uyghur communities, it has been studied with great interest by anthropologists. Related links Shanghaiist: The most unlikely birthplace of progressive Islam? Shanghaiist: Record number of Chinese Muslims on Haj Wikipedia: Rebiya Kadeer Youtube: Cause and Causes [video] In These Times: Rebiya Kadeer: The Uighur Dalai Lama Journal3.net: Islam in China: China Nu's Ahong Asia Times: Islam with Chinese characteristics Tags: turkistan, uighur, uigur, uyghur, uygur, xinjiang 1 Downloads - Last from: (Your Blog here!)
[View \| Download]	天安门大屠杀 1989 天安門事件，亦稱四五運動，是1976年4月5日發生的以天安門事件為代表的反對"四人幫"的全國性的群眾強大抗議運動。1976年1月8日，周恩來逝世，全國各族人民無限悲痛。但是，"四人幫"壓制廣大人民群眾悼念周恩來，誣陷鄧小平，加緊篡黨奪權的陰謀活動，激起人民群眾的強烈義憤。3月下旬至4月5日，全國各大城市的群眾，紛紛自發進行悼念周恩來，抗議"四人幫"的各種活動。清明節前後，北京市上百萬人民群眾，自發地聚集于天安門廣場，在人民英雄紀念碑前獻花籃、送花圈、貼傳單、作詩詞，悼念周恩來，擁護鄧小平，聲討"四人幫"。對於人民群眾的革命行動，"四人幫"極端仇視，並歪曲和捏造事實欺騙中央政治局和毛澤東。4月4日，華國鋒召集在京的中央政治局委員會議，錯誤地認為群眾的革命行動屬於反革命性質，並在當晚開始清理天安門廣場的花圈和標語，抓走許多堅持在廣場進行悼念活動的群眾。當時，作為毛澤東同中央政治局之間的"聯絡員"毛遠新把中央政治局委員會議會議情況向毛澤東作了書面報告，毛澤東圈閱批准了這個報告。4月5日，北京廣大人民群眾紛紛提出抗議，在"還我花圈，還我戰友"的口號下形成了天安門廣場大規模的群眾抗議運動，並同工人、民兵、警察和戰士發生嚴重的衝突，導致車輛和治安崗亭被燒。當晚7時半，中共北京市委第一書記吳德在廣播講話中說，天安門廣場有壞人"進行反革命破壞活動"，"要認清這一政治事件的反動性"。九時半，出動1萬名民兵，3000名警察和5個營的衛戍部隊，帶著木棍，包圍天安門廣場，對留在廣場的群眾進行血腥鎮壓，並逮捕了一些人。4月6日，中央政治局在京委員聽取北京市委的彙報，錯誤地肯定天安門事件是反革命暴亂，並要北京市委寫成材料通報全國。毛澤東又根據毛遠新的書面報告同意中央政治局的決定。4月7日，毛澤東錯誤地同意發表吳德的廣播講話和《人民日報》記者關於天安門事件的"現場報道"。姚文元組織炮製的《人民日報》報道文章，顛倒是非，把群眾的革命行動說成是"反革命"活動，是"反革命"政治事件，並誣陷鄧小平為天安門事件的"總後臺"。中央政治局根據毛澤東的提議，于4月7日任命華國鋒為中共中央第一副主席、中華人民共和國國務院總理。同時，錯誤地認定鄧小平問題的性質已經變為對抗性的矛盾，並作出撤銷鄧小平黨內外一切職務，保留黨籍，以觀後效的錯誤決議。1978年12月，中共十一屆三中全會決定撤銷中央發出的有關"反擊右傾翻案風"和天安門事件的錯誤文件。四五運動是一場悼念周總理、反對'四人幫'的強大抗議運動，並波及到全國範圍內，形成強大的群眾革命運動。這個運動實質上是擁護以鄧小平同志為代表的黨的正確領導，它為後來粉碎江青反革命集團奠定了偉大的群眾基礎。 Tags: kaixi, tiananmen, tibet, uyghur, 一九八九年春夏之交的政治风波, 反革命暴乱, 吾爾開希, 天安门, 天安门事件, 天安门广场, 八九民运, 六四事件, 六四屠杀, 六四动乱, 六四风波, 柴玲, 王丹 1 Downloads - Last from: http://downthisvideo.com/ (Your Blog here!)