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Somali Maritime Enterprise: Ancient Seafarers of the Erythraean Sea In ancient times the Kingdom of Punt, which is believed by several Egyptologists to have been situated in the area of modern-day Somalia, had a steady trade link with the Ancient Egyptians and exported the precious natural resources such as myrrh, frankincense and gum. This trade network continued all the way into the classical era. The city states of Mossylon, Opone, Malao, Mundus and Tabae in Somalia engaged in a lucrative trade network connecting Somali merchants with Phoenicia, Ptolemic Egypt, Greece, Parthian Persia, Saba, Nabataea and the Roman Empire. Somali sailors used the ancient Somali maritime vessel known as the beden to transport their cargo. After the Roman conquest of the Nabataean Empire and the Roman naval presence at Aden to curb piracy, Arab and Somali merchants barred Indian merchants from trading in the free port cities of the Arabian peninsula[2] because of the nearby Roman presence. However, they continued to trade in the port cities of the Somali peninsula, which was free from any Roman threat or spies. The reason for barring Indian ships from entering the wealthy Arabian port cities was to protect and hide the exploitative trade practices of the Somali and Arab merchants in the extremely lucrative ancient Red Sea-Mediterranean Sea commerce. The Indian merchants for centuries brought large quantities of cinnamon from Ceylon and the Far East to Somalia and Arabia. This is said to have been the best kept secret of the Arab and Somali merchants in their trade with the Roman and Greek world. The Romans and Greeks believed the source of cinnamon to have been the Somali peninsula but in reality, the highly valued product was brought to Somalia by way of Indian ships. Through Somali and Arab traders, Indian/Chinese cinnamon was also exported for far higher prices to North Africa, the Near East and Europe, which made the cinnamon trade a very profitable revenue maker, especially for the Somali merchants through whose hands the large quantities were shipped across the ancient sea and land routes. Somali Sailors were aware of the region's monsoons and used them to link themselves with the Port cities of the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. Another navigational technique was denning the islands of the Indian Ocean to navigate through the ancient trade routes.[3] During the Age of the Ajuuraans, the sultanates and republics of Merca, Mogadishu, Barawa, Hobyo and their respective ports flourished and had a lucrative foreign commerce with ships sailing to Arabia, India, Venetia,[4] Persia, Egypt, Portugal and as far away as China. In the 1500s, Duarte Barbosa noted that many ships from the Kingdom of Cambaya in India sailed to Mogadishu with cloths and spices, for which they in return received gold, wax and ivory. Mogadishu, the center of a thriving weaving industry known as toob benadir (specialized for the markets in Egypt and Syria[5]), together with Merca and Barawa also served as transit stops for Swahili merchants from Mombasa and Malindi and for the gold trade from Kilwa.[6] Trade with the Hormuz went both ways, and Jewish merchants brought their Indian textile and fruit to the Somali coast in exchange for grain and wood.[7] Trading relations were established with Malacca in the 15th century,[8] with cloth, ambergris and porcelain being the main commodities of the trade.[9] Giraffes, zebras and incense were exported to the Ming Empire of China, which established Somali merchants as leaders in the commerce between the Asia and Africa[10] and influenced the Chinese language with the Somali language in the process. Hindu merchants from Surat and Southeast African merchants from Pate, seeking to bypass both the Portuguese blockade and Omani meddling, used the Somali ports of Merca and Barawa (which were out of the two powers' jurisdiction) to conduct their trade in safety and without interference.[11] During the same period, Somali merchants sailed to Cairo, Damascus, Aden, Hyderabad and the islands of the Indian Ocean, establishing Somali communities there, which produced significant individuals such as the important scholar Uthman bin Ali Zayla'i in Egypt, Abd al-Aziz of Mogadishu in the Maldives, and the explorer Sa'id of Mogadishu, the latter of whom traveled across the Muslim world and visited China and India in the 14th century. In the early modern period, successor states of the Adal and Ajuuraan empires began to flourish in Somalia who continued the seaborne trade established by previous Somali empires. The rise of the 19th century Gobroon Dynasty in particular saw a rebirth in Somali maritime enterprise. During this period, the Somali agricultural output to Arabian markets was so great that the coast of Somalia came to be known as the grain coast of Yemen and Oman.[13] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somali_maritime_history Tags: Adal, Ajuuraan, Ancient, Assyrians, Babylonians, Egypt, Empire, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Oman, Persia, Phoenicians, Puntites, Roman, Sabeaens, Somali, Somalia, Sudan, Sumerians, Yemen, civilization, history, maritime, navigation 1 Downloads - Last from: (Your Blog here!) |
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Philippe Starck: Why design? http://www.ted.com Designer Philippe Starck -- with no pretty slides to show -- spends 18 minutes reaching for the very roots of the question "Why design?" Listen carefully for one perfect mantra for all of us, genius or not. TEDTalks is a daily video podcast of the best talks and performances from the TED Conference, where the world's leading thinkers and doers are invited to give the talk of their lives in 18 minutes. TED stands for Technology, Entertainment, and Design, and TEDTalks cover these topics as well as science, business, politics and the arts. Watch the Top 10 TEDTalks on TED.com, at http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/top10 Tags: Philippe Starck, TED, TEDTalks, civilization, civilize, design, designer, evolution, idea, important inventions, industrial, industrial design, invent, inventing, invention, inventor, manufacture, manufacturing, philosophy, posterity, product, product design, production, story, storytelling, talks, tool, tools, toothbrush 1 Downloads - Last from: (Your Blog here!) |
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The Dubai Fountain - Baba Yetu Bilder auf Flickr: http://www.flickr.com/photos/19gizmo76/sets/72157620572963853/ Tags: arab, baba, burj, christopher, civilization, definition, design, dubai, emirates, fountain, hd, high, iv, khalifa, mall, the, tin, uae, united, vae, wet, yetu 1 Downloads - Last from: (Your Blog here!) |
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apocalypto soundtrack - 8 words through the sky, the eclipse apocalypto soundtrack Tags: america, apocalypto, central, civilization, gibson, latin, maya, mayans, mel, movie, music, native, natives, ost, soundtrack 1 Downloads - Last from: (Your Blog here!) |
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Volcano 101 These rifts in the earth, spewing lava, gases and ash, are forces of nature that are both a blessing and curse for human civilization. See All National Geographic Videos http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/?source=4001 Tags: ash, civilization, earth, fire, lava, national geographic, nature, rift, smoke, volcano 1 Downloads - Last from: (Your Blog here!) |
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Atlantis: Computer Enhancement of Google Earth Image Atlantis or sonar? Square grid in the Atlantic that some think may be Atlantis. Google claims the grids are marks made by sonar boats when collecting data from the ocean floor. You be the judge. Here is one opinion: http://gizmodo.com/5157949/ Tags: Africa, Atlantis, Atlântida, Earth, Found, Gibraltar, Google, Hawaii, Is this Atlantis?, La, On, The Sun, West, ancient, ancient civilization, archaeology, atlantida, atlantide, cidade, civilisation, civilization, computer enhanced, de, existence, geological, google ocean, grid lines, herodotus, mythology, natural, ocean, pattern, perdida, plato, sea, sonar, ufo 1 Downloads - Last from: (Your Blog here!) |
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Justice - ON'N'ON JUSTICE ON 'N' ON DIRECTED BY ALEXANDRE COURTES PRODUCED BY DIVISION ON N ON EP INCLUDED REMIXES BY BRODINSKI, EROL ALKAN, RICK RUBIN, TIGA, VIDEO VILLAGE RELEASED ON JANUARY 30th SINGLE AVAILABLE ON PRE ORDER : http://www.smarturl.it/justice.onanon.it Tags: Justice, Video Clip, audio, audio video disco, banger, civilization, clip, cross, disco, ed, ed banger, electro, etjusticepourtous, live, music, on'n'on, records, video 1 Downloads - Last from: http://downthisvideo.com/ (Your Blog here!) |
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BBC Documentary - Stupidity "Full Movie" This documentary about stupidity tells us the history of the word "moron", the difference between stupid, moron, smart, intelligent, genius and questions the regular practice of classifying peoples intelligence through standardized IQ tests. Of course also Mr. Bush is examined in this report. A well educated guy who, nevertheless, acts in a completely dumb way -- or at least wants us to believe so. Albert Einstein said: "Only two things are infinite the universe and stupidity. and I am not sure about the former." Tags: *accidents, *documentary, *failed, *fullmovie, *stupidity, alien, aliens, america, ancient, area, army, bbc, bernie, between, biography, brief, civil, civilization, comedy, conspiracy theory, cultural, culture, director, discovery, discussion, documentary part, earth, education, few, flying, fullmovie, funny, heritage, historical, history, illusion, lol, middle east, month, moon, museum, old, optical, planet, predator, project, revolution, roman, science, scifi, secret, shuttle, society, space, spirituality, two, ufo, universe, weeks, wise 1 Downloads - Last from: http://downthisvideo.com/ (Your Blog here!) |
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Marrakech Travel Doc Part 01 Marrakesh or Marrakech (Amazigh: Murakush, Arabic مراكش Murrakush), known as the "Red City", is a city / wilaya with a population of 1,036,500 (as of 2006), the capital of the mid-southwestern Moroccan economic region of Marrakech-Tensift-Al Haouz (#11), near the foothills of the Atlas Mountains. Until a few decades ago, Morocco was known as Kingdom of Marrakesh by Arabs, Persians and Europeans. European names of Morocco, Marruecos, Maroc, Marokko..etc are directly derived from the Berber word Murakush. Marrakesh city has the largest traditional market (souk) in Morocco and also has one of the busiest squares in Africa and the world, Djemaa el Fna. The square bustles with acrobats, story-tellers, water sellers, dancers, and musicians, as well as drug lords by day; By night, the square turns into food stalls, becoming a huge open-air restaurant with busy life that include the infamous Ladies of the Night (prostitutes). Like many North African and Middle Eastern cities, Marrakech comprises both an old fortified city (the médina) and an adjacent modern city (called Gueliz). It is served by Ménara International Airport (RAK is the code for the airport) and a rail link to Casablanca and the north. bbtv broadbandtv marrakech marrakesh powersports powerdocs cities city world morocco nature travel tour tourism history ancient discovery destinations landmark culture civilization building structure background adventure ctw CTW Tags: adventure, ancient, background, bbtv, broadbandtv, building, cities, city, civilization, ctw, culture, destinations, discovery, history, landmark, marrakech, marrakesh, morocco, nature, powerdocs, powersports, structure, tour, tourism, travel, world 1 Downloads - Last from: (Your Blog here!) |
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The Dark Ages - Part 10 - The Crusades At its height in the second century A.D., the Roman Empire was the beacon of learning, power, and prosperity in the western world. But the once-powerful Rome - rotten to the core by the fifth century - lay open to barbarian warriors who came in wave after wave of invasion, slaughtering, stealing, and ultimately, settling. As chaos replaced culture, Europe was beset by famine, plague, persecutions, and a state of war that was so persistent it was only rarely interrupted by peace. THE DARK AGES profiles those who battled to shape the future, from the warlords whose armies threatened to cause the demise of European society, such as Alaric, Charles the Hammer, and Clovis; to the men and women who valiantly tended the flames of justice, knowledge, and innovation including Charlemagne, St. Benedict, Empress Theodora, and other brave souls who fought for peace and enlightenment. It was in the shadows of this turbulent millennium that the seeds of modern civilization were sown. Tags: ages, army, barbarian, byzantine, channel, christianity, civilization, crusades, dark, darkness, education, empire, europe, history, light, monastery, monks, rome, viking, war 1 Downloads - Last from: (Your Blog here!) |
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Connections for Tomorrow A video providing examples of more environmentally choices we can all make in every day life to reduce the strain on renewable resources and help preserve non-renewable natural resources. The ecological effects are touched upon briefly in this short video and the implications for future civilizations. Tags: civilization, economics, environment, recycle, reuse 2 Downloads - Last from: (Your Blog here!) |
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Connections for tomorrow A video providing examples of more environmentally choices we can all make in every day life to reduce the strain on renewable resources and help preserve non-renewable natural resources. The ecological effects are touched upon briefly in this short video and the implications for future civilizations. Tags: civilization, economics, environment, recycle, reuse 1 Downloads - Last from: (Your Blog here!) |
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Feel Syria - Sensation Syrie - Tatto Siria A promo for Syria - Tourism Tags: Aleppo, Damas, Damasco, Damascus, East, History, Homs, Lattakia, Middle, Siria, Syria, Syrie, Tourism, civilization, histoire, hospitality, lodging, pace, paix, peace, storia, الأوسط, الشرق, اللاذقية, تاريخ, حضارة, حلب, حمص, دمشق, سفر, سياحة, سوريا, سلام 1 Downloads - Last from: (Your Blog here!) |
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Civilisations- Egypt [1/6] For 3,000 years, from the construction of the first pyramid until the death of Cleopatra, Egypt was a land of prosperity; largely thanks to the River Nile. What is the story of the development of this impressive civilisation and its relationship with its principal source of life? How did the river valley evolve during Antiquity? Why did the Egyptians never fight against nature, preferring to draw their own life-force from its natural power? And what remains today of the riches and wealth that nature has offered to Egypt? Shaped and fashioned by the hand of man in his pursuit of modernity, against all odds, the Nile has finally been tamed. This popular series gives new insights into some of the most influential civilisations to shape the world as we know it. To understand where we are now, it might help to understand where we have been. Tags: allah, civilization, deedat, egypt, french, history, islam, mohamed, muhammad, muslim, nile, pharaoh, pyramid, qur'an, quran 1 Downloads - Last from: (Your Blog here!) |
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The Dark Ages - Part 3 - Common Thread of Christianity At its height in the second century A.D., the Roman Empire was the beacon of learning, power, and prosperity in the western world. But the once-powerful Rome - rotten to the core by the fifth century - lay open to barbarian warriors who came in wave after wave of invasion, slaughtering, stealing, and ultimately, settling. As chaos replaced culture, Europe was beset by famine, plague, persecutions, and a state of war that was so persistent it was only rarely interrupted by peace. THE DARK AGES profiles those who battled to shape the future, from the warlords whose armies threatened to cause the demise of European society, such as Alaric, Charles the Hammer, and Clovis; to the men and women who valiantly tended the flames of justice, knowledge, and innovation including Charlemagne, St. Benedict, Empress Theodora, and other brave souls who fought for peace and enlightenment. It was in the shadows of this turbulent millennium that the seeds of modern civilization were sown. Tags: ages, army, barbarian, byzantine, channel, christianity, civilization, crusades, dark, darkness, education, empire, europe, history, light, monastery, monks, rome, viking, war 1 Downloads - Last from: (Your Blog here!) |
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The Dark Ages - Part 1 - The Sacking of Rome At its height in the second century A.D., the Roman Empire was the beacon of learning, power, and prosperity in the western world. But the once-powerful Rome - rotten to the core by the fifth century - lay open to barbarian warriors who came in wave after wave of invasion, slaughtering, stealing, and ultimately, settling. As chaos replaced culture, Europe was beset by famine, plague, persecutions, and a state of war that was so persistent it was only rarely interrupted by peace. THE DARK AGES profiles those who battled to shape the future, from the warlords whose armies threatened to cause the demise of European society, such as Alaric, Charles the Hammer, and Clovis; to the men and women who valiantly tended the flames of justice, knowledge, and innovation including Charlemagne, St. Benedict, Empress Theodora, and other brave souls who fought for peace and enlightenment. It was in the shadows of this turbulent millennium that the seeds of modern civilization were sown. Tags: ages, army, barbarian, byzantine, channel, christianity, civilization, crusades, dark, darkness, education, empire, europe, history, light, monastery, monks, rome, viking, war 1 Downloads - Last from: (Your Blog here!) |
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Civilization! - *Some Restrictions Apply In Tucson's own Loft Cinema, during October's First Friday Film Shorts contest, this is the video I think SHOULD have won. It is witty and right on the mark. It comes from IrreverentFilms (here on YouTube) and I think it's pure genius. Tags: agriculture, anthropology, b, civilization, daniel, derrick, endgame, ishmael, jensen, of, quinn, story 1 Downloads - Last from: (Your Blog here!) |
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Annunaki civilization: shocking truth! Do we know the history of our ancestors? Are you sure? We are revealing the shocking truth of why Sumerian, Maya and Egyptian civilizations perished, and why our history textbooks do not talk about it? The full version of the documentary is coming soon... Watch also "Reptiles will never be here" at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NOISqOUJZS8 Tags: 2012, Annunaki, Apocalypse, Blue, Comet, Egyptian, Elenin, Maya, Nibiru, Peunova, Pyramids, Reptiles, Sumerian, Svetlana, Through, ancient, blood, civilization, civilizations, history, hybrid 1 Downloads - Last from: (Your Blog here!) |
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Jared Diamond Jared Diamond is the author of "Guns, Germs and Steel" and the current New York Times' best selling "Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed." This lecture examines the factors that caused great civilizations of the past to collapse and what we can learn from their fates. Series: "Voices" [4/2005] [Humanities] [Show ID: 9390] Tags: Diamond, Jared, author, civilization, collapse, society 1 Downloads - Last from: (Your Blog here!) |